The physics of each sort of instrument work so differently, for example:
1 Bagpipe chanter with narrow cylindrical/straight/parallel bore (NSP, SSP, Highland practice chanter)
2 Bagpipe chanter with conical/tapered bore (Highland pipes, Border pipes)
3 Flute or whistle
Closed fingering works well with #1, because for some reason this sort of instrument isn’t much affected by whether fingerholes beneath the one from which the note is emitting are open or closed.
So, you can finger a note
x xoo oooo (open)
x xox xxxx (closed)
or any other variation, and the note will sound pretty much the same.
Number 2 and 3 aren’t like that; the note emitting from a hole is affected by the whether lower holes are open or closed.
You can test it with a whistle:
xoo ooo (open, you get the true note)
xox xxx (closed, the note is feeble, and very flat)
Even worse is
ooo ooo (open, the true note)
oxx xxx (closed, the open hole functions as an octave vent, and you don’t get the true note at all)
What this means is that to make a closed-fingering whistle means reconfiguring all the holes- as you go up the scale the holes have to get bigger, and be placed further higher than their normal locations, to compensate for the flattening effect of having the other holes closed.
BTW I’m a Highland piper and those “Highland” whistles are worthless IMHO. You can’t play Highland ornaments on them because, once again, the physics of whistles and chanters are so different.
Now, Highland fingering is not closed fingering like the Northumbrian pipes. The Highland pipes use partially closed fingering, meaning that most of the notes will work on whistle too. It’s why a “Highland” whistle is mostly all right, it’s just “E” that has the most-closed fingering
x xxo xxxo
which is why “Highland” whistles have to enormously enlarge that hole.
For what purpose I have no idea. A whistle is never going to be a Highland pipe, and visa versa. Each instrument has its own fingering system, ornament system, style, and repertoire uniquely suited to it.